Chemical peels are another category of facial rejuvenation that is well-known and broadly used. With this technique, (also called chemexfoliation or derma peeling) various chemicals are applied to the face to cause the top layers of the skin to die and slough or peel off. The regenerated skin that replaces the old skin has a fresher, more youthful appearance. The primary targets for chemical peel treatments include acne or acne scarring, age spots, fine lines, wrinkles, freckles, rough skin and sun damage (photo-aging). A range of chemicals are used in this procedure, with varying degrees of aggressiveness. Some examples of typical chemical peel types are alpha hydroxy acid, beta hydroxy acid, Jessner’s peel, retinoic acid, trichloracetic acid and phenol. The more powerful the chemical used, the more skin that is removed, hence, the more dramatic the rejuvenating effects can be. However, it is important to note that with stronger peels, there is more potential for complications such as pigmentary changes, skin atrophy and scarring. As well, the recovery time or downtime with these more aggressive chemical peels is of course longer.
While over-the-counter chemical peels are available, the results from these will not compare with those that can be achieved in a professional, medical setting. It is very important to consult with a physician (ideally a dermatologist) before undergoing any chemical peel procedure. Certain skin types will see superior results with chemical peels, for example lighter skin types generally have better success. While dark skin types can sometimes achieve good outcomes, the likelihood of an uneven skin tone resulting from complications of chemical peels makes it necessary for people with these skin types to be very careful when considering this procedure.
Additionally, skin that is sagging or has deep wrinkles will not respond well to chemical peels.